Saturday, May 24, 2014

What is Wealth?


I had a reflection moment after learning about the lives of the first human societies and how they did not have the need for the “accumulation of goods”.  It sounds like Paleolithic people had the ultimate utopian society.  These societies were gatherer-hunters with a highly mobile way of life.  The need to be mobile arose from the fact that resources are finite in a particular geographical area, and once the resources were depleted, they needed to move on; without agricultural knowledge there was no surplus production to store; hence, no need to build permanent structures.  There were a limited number of rules which maintained the norms of society but there was no need for a formal government structure; individuals in Paleolithic societies knew what needed to be done and they did not perform more tasks than was necessary.  Individuals had more free time to pursue their own interests, and in that sense they acted as “wealthy people”.  These societies had no specializations, so individuals possessed a relatively equal skillset and equality between man and women was “far more equal than in later societies.” (Strayer, p. 21).

Here we have a society where everybody was truly equal; people worked to survive as a group, sharing the resources they had gathered from foraging and hunting.  There weren't any rankings which could determine who was higher up on the class structure.  So, when did humanity lost this utopia?  Where things actually as good as they sound?  Humanity lost this—in my opinion—utopian way of life the moment there was a need to store resources.  The need to store resources came when there was surplus production due to agriculture.  Surplus resources equal wealth; it does not matter what type of surplus one has, the fact that you have something to protect, something to trade, something to differentiate you from another person or group, in my opinion, is wealth.

Surplus resources (wealth) stimulate human greed and give way to society’s problems.  Greed makes people want to steal, it makes people to go to war to capture the wealth, and it also makes people to want equality.   The problem is the different ways that people go about trying to achieve equality; while some may want to work hard to get ahead, others simply want to take by force, and unfortunately the latter is the easier course of action.  But what prompted the change to agriculture?  Things were not easy for Paleolithic societies, proof of this is the small population numbers.  Mortality was high and people was typically at the mercy of the environment, which varied constantly during this era.  Imagine humans living in fragile structures at the mercy of wild animals, which were large and fearless of humans.  Starvation was probably a leading cause of death at the time and hence it prompted the need to find better and more stable sources of food.

So, in my opinion, wealth is necessary but its consequences are undesirable.  Now, let’s take one step further; agricultural societies stored goods to be used during times of scarcity, but what is the need to accumulate immense amounts of money.  Money, just like bushels of wheat, is an accumulated resource (wealth).  It is well understood that some people accumulate more money that they will ever need; yet, the more money we have, the more we tend to want to accumulate.  I believe that the concept of scarcity is encoded in every human’s brain; this is what has saved us through the ages—arguably they may have been what made Homo sapiens prevail over other species of hominines.  However, the practicality of it when it comes to money is sometimes unnecessary.  Would you like to live in a Paleolithic society?

 Sources: Ways of the World (2nd Edition) – A Brief Global History with Sources by Robert W. Strayer.

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